{"id":5722,"date":"2026-04-11T11:49:26","date_gmt":"2026-04-11T11:49:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/apelasyon.com\/doga-ve-cevre\/bagcilikta-cinkonun-onemi\/"},"modified":"2026-07-28T07:11:59","modified_gmt":"2026-07-28T07:11:59","slug":"bagcilikta-cinkonun-onemi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/apelasyon.com\/it\/tarim\/bagcilikta-cinkonun-onemi\/","title":{"rendered":"Ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131kta \u00c7inko\u2019nun \u00d6nemi"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"post-content\">\n<p>\t<title><\/title><\/p>\n<p>\u00dclkemiz \u00fcretim ve alan bak\u0131m\u0131ndan de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00f6nemli \u00fcz\u00fcm \u00fcreten \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. 2015 y\u0131l\u0131 verilerine g\u00f6re \u00fclkemizde 4.619.557 da ba\u011f alan\u0131nda toplam 3.650.000 ton ya\u015f \u00fcz\u00fcm \u00fcretimi yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00fcretimin 1.891.910 tonu sofral\u0131k, 1.334.563 tonu kurutmal\u0131k ve 423.527 ton ise \u015farapl\u0131k olarak de\u011ferlendirilmektedir (Anonim, 2015).\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131kta en \u00f6nemli k\u00fclt\u00fcrel uygulamalardan biri g\u00fcbreleme olup, verim ve kalitenin y\u00fckseltilmesi amac\u0131yla yap\u0131lan k\u00fclt\u00fcrel uygulamalar i\u00e7erisinde g\u00fcbrelemenin ayr\u0131 bir \u00f6nemi vard\u0131r. Bilin\u00e7li bir \u015fekilde yap\u0131lan g\u00fcbreleme uygulamalar\u0131 ile verim ve kalitede \u00f6nemli art\u0131\u015flar\u0131n oldu\u011fu yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla belirlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7inko eksikli\u011fi en yayg\u0131n mikro besin elementi noksanl\u0131klar\u0131nda biri olarak kabul edilmekte ve bitkisel \u00fcretimde \u00f6nemi giderek artmaktad\u0131r. Tar\u0131msal \u00fcretimde \u00e7inkonun rol\u00fc 20. y\u00fcz y\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda ke\u015ffedilmesine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, bitkideki spesifik fonksiyonlar\u0131 1960 y\u0131llar\u0131n sonuna do\u011fru bulunmu\u015ftur. Bu tarihten sonra \u00e7inko i\u00e7eren bir\u00e7ok enzim tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f ve \u00e7inko eksikli\u011finde bitkideki kimyasal ve fizyolojik olaylar\u0131n etkileri belirlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00fcnyada ve \u00fclkemizde \u00e7inko eksikli\u011fine \u00e7ok s\u0131k rastlanmaktad\u0131r ve \u00e7inko mikro element eksikli\u011fi s\u0131ralamas\u0131nda ilk s\u0131ray\u0131 almaktad\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde d\u00fcnyada t\u00fcm tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131n % 30 unda, T\u00fcrkiye de ise yakla\u015f\u0131k % 50 \u2018sinde \u00e7inko eksikli\u011finin bulundu\u011fu yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda ortaya konulmu\u015ftur (Sillanpaa, 1982). Topraklar\u0131n yaray\u0131\u015fl\u0131 \u00e7inko i\u00e7eriklerinin artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu \u00fclkemiz i\u00e7in \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nemlidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye\u2019 de tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 14 milyon hektarl\u0131k bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde ciddi \u00e7inko eksikli\u011fi mevcuttur (Ey\u00fcpo\u011flu ve ark. 1998). Bu eksikli\u011fin giderilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikli olarak sebep olan fakt\u00f6rlerin bilinmesi gerekmektedir. Toprakta \u00e7inkonun yaray\u0131\u015fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile topraklar\u0131n baz\u0131 fiziksel ve kimyasal \u00f6zellikleri aras\u0131nda \u00e7ok s\u0131k\u0131 bir ili\u015fki vard\u0131r. Topra\u011f\u0131n organik madde kapsam\u0131, pH de\u011feri, kire\u00e7 i\u00e7eri\u011fi, yaray\u0131\u015fl\u0131 fosfor miktar\u0131, yaray\u0131\u015fl\u0131 Fe ve Mn kapsam\u0131, topraktaki kil miktar\u0131 ve tipi gibi fakt\u00f6rler bunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda gelmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7inko konsantrasyonunun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmas\u0131n\u0131n, bitki b\u00fcy\u00fcme, geli\u015fme, verim ve kalitede \u00f6nemli sorunlara yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla bildirilmi\u015ftir. (Hotz ve Brown, 2004; \u00c7akmak, 2008).<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6zg\u00fcven ve Katkat (2002) taraf\u0131ndan \u201cBursa \u0130li Topraklar\u0131n\u0131n Bitkiye Yaray\u0131\u015fl\u0131 \u00c7inko Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden Genel Durumu\u201d \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda, Topraklar\u0131n organik madde i\u00e7erikleri ile yaray\u0131\u015fl\u0131 \u00e7inko i\u00e7erikleri aras\u0131nda pozitif ve % 1 d\u00fczeyinde \u00f6nemli bir korelasyon bulunmu\u015ftur\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 (r = 0.540**). Topra\u011f\u0131n organik madde i\u00e7eri\u011fi artt\u0131k\u00e7a yaray\u0131\u015fl\u0131 \u00e7inko miktar\u0131 da art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stermektedir. \u00c7inko iyonlar\u0131 toprak organik maddesine s\u0131k\u0131ca ba\u011flanmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0\u00c7inko asman\u0131n b\u00fcnyesinde \u00fcr\u00fcn miktar\u0131 ve kalitesini en \u00e7ok etkileyen mikro besin elementlerinden birisidir. \u00dclkemiz topraklar\u0131nda bitki taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131nabilir formda \u00e7inko miktar\u0131n\u0131n genellikle yetersiz d\u00fczeyde bulunmas\u0131 ve toprakta fazla kire\u00e7ten dolay\u0131 pH de\u011ferinin y\u00fckselmesi, topraklarda gere\u011finden fazla miktarda fosforlu g\u00fcbre kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, \u00e7inko noksanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n hemen hemen t\u00fcm bitkilerde ve ba\u011flarda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r. Topraklarda fazla miktarda kalsiyum, demir ve mangan\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 yan\u0131nda yetersiz organik madde varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da \u00e7inko noksanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na neden olan di\u011fer fakt\u00f6rlerdir. \u00c7inko besin elementi bitki b\u00fcnyesindeki biyokimyasal olaylar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda kataliz\u00f6r g\u00f6revi yaparken, karbonhidrat, protein ve ya\u011f olu\u015fumunda \u00f6nemli rol \u00fcstlenmekte ayr\u0131ca demirde oldu\u011fu gibi klorofilin olu\u015fumu ve ni\u015fasta sentezinde \u00f6nemli i\u015flev g\u00f6rmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Gediz Havzas\u0131nda Sultani \u00c7ekirdeksiz \u00dcz\u00fcm Ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n Mevcut Beslenme Durumu ve \u0130yile\u015ftirilmesine Y\u00f6nelik Parametrelerin Belirlenmesi isimli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada toprakta ve yaprakta \u00e7i\u00e7eklenme ve ben d\u00fc\u015fme d\u00f6neminde bulunan \u00e7inko miktar\u0131 ile verim ve kalite de\u011ferleri aras\u0131nda istatistiki olarak pozitif ili\u015fkiler tespit edilmi\u015ftir (Merken ve ark., 2011).\u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7inkonun noksanl\u0131k belirtileri \u00f6ncelikle gen\u00e7 yapraklarda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Elementin noksanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn ucundaki g\u00f6zlerin (bo\u011fumlar\u0131n) birbirine yak\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 ve yapraklar\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclerek rozet \u015feklini almas\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r. S\u00fcrg\u00fcn ucundaki gen\u00e7 yapraklar\u0131n damar aralar\u0131nda nokta \u015feklinde renk a\u00e7\u0131lmalar\u0131 (sar\u0131ms\u0131-ye\u015fil sar\u0131ms\u0131 beyaz) g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrken salk\u0131mlarda tane tutmas\u0131 azalmakta ayr\u0131ca salk\u0131mda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tanelerin (boncukla\u015fma) olu\u015fmas\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7inko noksanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7inko g\u00fcbrelerinin topraktan ya da yapraktan verilmeleri ile giderilmesi kolayd\u0131r (Aydeniz ve Brohi, 1991).\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7inko i\u00e7eren g\u00fcbreler i\u00e7erisinde \u00e7inko s\u00fclfat ve \u00e7inko kileytleri en fazla kullan\u0131lan g\u00fcbrelerdir. Bu arada \u00e7iftlik g\u00fcbreleri ile de \u00f6nemli miktarda \u00e7inko topra\u011fa verilebilmektedir.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7inko bitkilerde protein ve karbonhidrat metabolizmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli fonksiyonlar\u0131 yan\u0131nda, fizyolojik membran stabilitesinde etkinli\u011fi, enzim aktive etme yetene\u011fi ve oksin sentezi gibi fonksiyonlar\u0131 nedeni ile do\u011frudan verimi ve kaliteyi etkileyen \u00f6nemli bir mikro element oldu\u011fu belirtilmektedir (Welch, 1995).<\/p>\n<p>Sonu\u00e7 olarak;\u00a0 ba\u011f \u00e7inko noksanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na en hassas bitkilerden biri olup, asman\u0131n b\u00fcnyesinde \u00fcr\u00fcn miktar\u0131 ve kalitesini en \u00e7ok etkileyen mikro besin elementlerinden birisidir. \u00c7inko besin elementi bitki b\u00fcnyesindeki biyokimyasal olaylar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda kataliz\u00f6r g\u00f6revi yaparken, karbonhidrat, protein ve ya\u011f olu\u015fumunda \u00f6nemli rol \u00fcstlenmekte ayr\u0131ca demirde oldu\u011fu gibi klorofilin olu\u015fumu ve ni\u015fasta sentezinde \u00f6nemli i\u015flev g\u00f6rmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><b>KAYNAK\u00c7A<\/b><\/p>\n<p>ANON\u0130M, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.toros.com.tr\/turkce\/ud_bag.asp\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.toros.com.tr\/turkce\/ud_bag.asp<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Anonim, (2015). T\u00fcrkiye \u0130statistik Kurumu, (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.tuik.gov.tr\" target=\"_blank\">www.tuik.gov.tr<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Aydeniz, A., A.R. Brohi, 1991. G\u00fcbreler Ve G\u00fcbreleme. Cumhuriyet \u00dcniv. Tokat Ziraat Fak. Yay\u0131nlar\u0131: 10, Ders Kitab\u0131: 3. 880 S.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7akmak, I., (2008). Enrichment Of Cereal Grains With Zinc: Agronomic Or Genetic Biofortification Plant Soil 302: 1-17.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Ey\u00fcpo\u011flu, F., Kurucu, N. Ve Talaz, S., 1998. T\u00fcrkiye Topraklar\u0131n\u0131n Bitkiye Yaray\u0131\u015fl\u0131 \u00c7inko Bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Genel Durumu. I. Ulusal \u00c7inko Kongresi, 99-106, Eski\u015fehir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>G\u00fc\u00e7demir, \u0130., H., T\u00fcrkiye G\u00fcbre Ve G\u00fcbreleme Rehperi, Yay\u0131n No 231, Ankara 2006<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Hotz, C., And Brown, K.H., 2004. Assesment Of Rhe Risk Of Zinc Deficiency \u0130n Populations And Options For \u0130ts Control. Food Nutrition Bull. 25, 94-204.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Kacar, B. Ve Katkat, V., (2007). Bitki Besleme Kitab\u0131. Nobel Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Kacar, B. 1997. Toprakta \u00c7inkonun Bulunu\u015fu, Yaray\u0131\u015fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ve Tepkimeleri. I. Ulusal<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7inko Kongresi, S. 47-60, 12-16 May\u0131s, Eski\u015fehir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Kacar, B., Katkat, V., Bitki Besleme . U. \u00dc. G\u00fc\u00e7. Vak. Yay. No:127-Vipa\u015f Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 :3 (1998).<\/p>\n<p>Kacar, B., Katkat, V., G\u00fcbreler ve G\u00fcbreleme Tekni\u011fi G\u00fc\u00e7. Vak. Yay. No:144-Vipa\u015f Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 No :20 (1999).<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Kacar, B., 1998. Toprakta \u00c7inkonun Bulunu\u015fu, Yarayi\u015flili\u011fi Ve Tepkimeleri. 1.Ulusal \u00c7inko Kongresi, 12\u201316 Mayis 1997, Eski\u015fehir. S. 47\u201360. Adana.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Kacar, B. 1986. G\u00fcbreler Ve G\u00fcbreleme Tekni\u011fi. T.C. Ziraat Bankas\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131. Ankara, 473 S.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Merken \u00d6., \u00c7olako\u011flu H., Ayd\u0131n M., Erdem A., \u0130rget M. E., \u00c7ak\u0131c\u0131 H., Ilg\u0131n C. ,\u00dcnal A., Y\u0131ld\u0131z S., 2011. Gediz Havzas\u0131nda Sultani \u00c7ekirdeksiz \u00dcz\u00fcm Ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n Mevcut Beslenme Durumu Ve \u0130yile\u015ftirilmesine Y\u00f6nelik Parametrelerin Belirlenmesi Manisa Ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k Ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u0130stasyonu M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Sonu\u00e7 Raporu.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Nur\u015fen \u00d6zg\u00fcven, A. Vahap Katkat, Bursa \u0130li Topraklar\u0131n\u0131n Bitkiye Yaray\u0131\u015fl\u0131 \u00c7inko Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden Genel Durumu, Ulud. \u00dcniv. Zir. Fak. Derg., (2002) 16: 235-244<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Sillanpaa, M. 1982. Micronutrients And The Nutrient Status Of Soils. A Global Study FAO<\/p>\n<p>Soils Bulletin, No: 48, FAO, Rome, Italy.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Welch, R.M. 1995. Micronutrient Nutrition Of Plants. Critical Reviews \u0130n Plant Sciences, 14, 49-82.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00dclkemiz \u00fcretim ve alan bak\u0131m\u0131ndan de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00f6nemli \u00fcz\u00fcm \u00fcreten \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. 2015 y\u0131l\u0131 verilerine g\u00f6re \u00fclkemizde 4.619.557 da ba\u011f alan\u0131nda toplam 3.650.000 ton ya\u015f \u00fcz\u00fcm \u00fcretimi yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00fcretimin 1.891.910 tonu sofral\u0131k, 1.334.563 tonu kurutmal\u0131k ve 423.527 ton ise \u015farapl\u0131k olarak de\u011ferlendirilmektedir (Anonim, 2015).\u00a0 Ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131kta en \u00f6nemli k\u00fclt\u00fcrel uygulamalardan biri g\u00fcbreleme olup, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":55,"featured_media":5723,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[53],"tags":[231],"class_list":["post-5722","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tarim","tag-35-sayi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/apelasyon.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5722","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/apelasyon.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/apelasyon.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apelasyon.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/55"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apelasyon.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5722"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/apelasyon.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5722\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7610,"href":"https:\/\/apelasyon.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5722\/revisions\/7610"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apelasyon.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5723"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/apelasyon.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5722"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apelasyon.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5722"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apelasyon.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5722"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}