{"id":6010,"date":"2026-04-11T12:42:45","date_gmt":"2026-04-11T12:42:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/apelasyon.com\/doga-ve-cevre\/gida-katki-maddeleri-2\/"},"modified":"2026-07-20T11:31:40","modified_gmt":"2026-07-20T11:31:40","slug":"gida-katki-maddeleri-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/apelasyon.com\/it\/saglik\/gida-katki-maddeleri-2\/","title":{"rendered":"G\u0131da Katk\u0131 Maddeleri 2"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"post-content\">\n<p>\t<title><\/title><\/p>\n<p>\u00d6nceki say\u0131m\u0131zda G\u0131da Katk\u0131 Maddeleriyle ilgili genel bilgi vermi\u015f, izin a\u015famalar\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131na de\u011finmi\u015ftik. Bundan sonraki say\u0131larda tablo 1\u2019deki gibi s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lan bu gruplar hakk\u0131nda detayl\u0131 bilgiler verece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<table cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p>Renk maddeleri<\/p>\n<p>Koruyucular (antimikrobiyal maddeler)<\/p>\n<p>Kelatlar<\/p>\n<p>Em\u00fclgat\u00f6rler<\/p>\n<p>Tatl\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar<\/p>\n<p>Y\u00fczey aktif maddeler<\/p>\n<p>Topakla\u015fmay\u0131 \u00f6nleyiciler<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcts\u00fc maddeleri<\/p>\n<p>Olgunla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar<\/p>\n<p>Berrakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ve durultucular<\/p>\n<p>Plastifiyenler ve yumu\u015fat\u0131c\u0131lar<\/p>\n<p>Polihidrik alkoller<\/p>\n<p>Enzimler<\/p>\n<p>Vitaminler, mineraller, aminoasitler<\/p>\n<p>Tamponlay\u0131c\u0131lar<\/p>\n<p>Kontroll\u00fc sal\u0131n\u0131m ajanlar\u0131<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p>Tat-koku maddeleri<\/p>\n<p>Asitler, bazlar, tuzlar<\/p>\n<p>Antioksidanlar<\/p>\n<p>Stabilizat\u00f6rler (gamlar)<\/p>\n<p>Kal\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar<\/p>\n<p>Nemlendiriciler<\/p>\n<p>Kaplama maddeleri (yenilebilir filmler)<\/p>\n<p>A\u011fart\u0131c\u0131lar<\/p>\n<p>Tutucular ve birle\u015ftiriciler<\/p>\n<p>K\u00f6p\u00fck yap\u0131c\u0131 ve tutucular<\/p>\n<p>Kabart\u0131c\u0131 ajanlar<\/p>\n<p>Gaz ve propellantlar<\/p>\n<p>Dolgu maddeleri<\/p>\n<p>Kristallenmeyi \u00f6nleyiciler<\/p>\n<p>Ya\u011fla yer de\u011fi\u015ftiren maddeler<\/p>\n<p>Mikrodalga esmerle\u015fme ajanlar\u0131<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0 <b>Tablo 1: G\u0131da Katk\u0131 Maddelerinin S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131\u00a0 (Saldaml\u0131,2007)<\/b><\/p>\n<h3>Renk Maddeleri<\/h3>\n<p>\t<title><\/title><\/p>\n<p>G\u0131dalarda t\u00fcketici tercihini etkileyen en \u00f6nemli fakt\u00f6rlerden biri de renktir. Hammaddenin yeti\u015ftirilmesi ve imalat s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde g\u0131dan\u0131n renginde meydana gelen olumsuzluklar\u0131 gidermek amac\u0131yla renk maddeleri kullan\u0131l\u0131r.\u00a0 \u0130\u015flem g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f et, meyve-sebze, f\u0131r\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, s\u00fct \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ve \u015fekerleme end\u00fcstrilerinde kaybolan rengi geri vermek, k\u0131smen kayba u\u011fram\u0131\u015f ya da hi\u00e7 olu\u015fmayan rengi yap\u0131ya kazand\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan renk maddeleri E100-180, INS 100-182 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Renk maddelerinin g\u0131da end\u00fcstrisinde kullan\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan miktar\u0131n hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde toksik etki olu\u015fturmayacak d\u00fczeyde olmas\u0131 gerekir.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Renk maddeleri;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u2022 Do\u011fal renk maddeleri (sertifikas\u0131z renk maddeleri)<\/li>\n<li>\u2022 Yapay renk maddeleri (sertifikal\u0131 renk maddeleri) olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131labilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Do\u011fal renk maddeleri bitkisel ve hayvansal kaynaklardan do\u011fal olarak elde edilen renk katk\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r. \u03b2-karoten, karamel, demir glukonat, riboflavin, meyve ve sebze sular\u0131, kantaksantin, do\u011fal renk maddelerinden baz\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r. Kurutulup toz haline getirilmi\u015f b\u00f6ceklerden elde edilen ko\u015fineal pigmentleri de do\u011fal renk maddeleridir. Koyu k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renge sahip ko\u015fineal, \u0131s\u0131 ve \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 olduk\u00e7a stabildir ve do\u011fal renk maddeleri i\u00e7inde oksidasyona en dayan\u0131kl\u0131 olan\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7ok pahal\u0131 olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen yapay renk maddelerine duyulan ku\u015fkular nedeniyle kullan\u0131m\u0131 artmaktad\u0131r. E120 kodu ile tan\u0131mlanan ko\u015fineal veya karmin g\u0131da sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde, meyve preparatlar\u0131, et \u00fcr\u00fcnleri (salam, sosis ve sucuklar), deniz \u00fcr\u00fcnleri (tarama vb.), alkoll\u00fc ve alkols\u00fcz i\u00e7ecekler, kokteyl \u015furuplar\u0131, sodalar, fonksiyonel i\u00e7ecekler, \u015fekerlemeler (aromal\u0131 \u015fekerler, lokumlar, jelibonlar), s\u00fct \u00fcr\u00fcnleri (k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 meyveli yo\u011furtlar), unlu mam\u00fcller (kekler, bisk\u00fcviler, b\u00f6rekler,), meyve aromal\u0131 kahvalt\u0131l\u0131k tah\u0131llar, re\u00e7el, j\u00f6le ve marmelatlar, dondurma ve soslar\u0131n \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Yapay renk maddeleri ise do\u011fada bulunmayan, kimyasal sentezle \u00fcretilebilen katk\u0131 maddeleridir. Daha parlak, daha kararl\u0131, daha ucuz olmalar\u0131, istenilen renk tonlar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamalar\u0131, suda kolay \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnebilmeleri, toz, gran\u00fcl, s\u0131v\u0131 ve macun halinde bulunabilmeleri, stabiliteleri ve kullan\u0131m kolayl\u0131klar\u0131 nedeniyle yapay renk maddeleri tercih edilmektedir. Eritrosin (E127), tartrazin (E102), indigotin (E132), brilliant blue FCF (E133), amarant (E123), kinolin sar\u0131s\u0131 (E104), allura red AC (E129) yapay renk maddelerine \u00f6rnek olarak verilebilir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dcr\u00fcne kazand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 renk bak\u0131m\u0131ndan renk maddeleri \u015fu \u015fekilde s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131labilir;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u2022 K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renk verenler: Allura Red 40, Ponceau 3R, Eritrosin<\/li>\n<li>\u2022 Turuncu renk verenler: Beta karoten, Anatto, Paprika, Sunset yellow<\/li>\n<li>\u2022 Sar\u0131 renk verenler: Riboflavin, Tartrazin, Safran, Turmerik<\/li>\n<li>\u2022 Ye\u015fil renk verenler: Klorofil, Brillant gren<\/li>\n<li>\u2022 Mavi renk verenler: Brillant blue, \u0130ndigo carmin<\/li>\n<li>\u2022 Menek\u015fe renk verenler: Antosiyaninler<\/li>\n<li>\u2022 Kahverengi renk verenler: Karamel, Brown FK<\/li>\n<li>\u2022 Siyah renk verenler: Brillant black BN, Bitkisel karbon<\/li>\n<li>\u2022 Beyaz renk verenler: Titandioksit, Kalsiyum karbonat<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Gazl\u0131 i\u00e7eceklerde vitamin aktivitesi veya aroman\u0131n korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in zorunlu olarak askorbik asit kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, renk katk\u0131s\u0131 olarak mutlaka do\u011fal renk maddeleri kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Teneke kutularda pazarlanan gazl\u0131 i\u00e7eceklerde korozyon nedeniyle renkte olumsuzluklar meydana geldi\u011finden, bu \u015fekilde pazarlanan meyve aromal\u0131 i\u00e7eceklerde yapay renk maddeleri kullan\u0131l\u0131rken, kola ve birada renklendirici olarak karamel kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>S\u00fct end\u00fcstrisinde renk maddeleri daha \u00e7ok aromal\u0131 s\u00fct \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ve dondurmalarda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Vanilyal\u0131 dondurmalarda kullan\u0131lan anatto ve renkli k\u00fclahlar\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan yapay renk maddeleri buna \u00f6rnek verilebilir. Peynir \u00fcretiminde ise yapay renk maddeleri kullan\u0131m\u0131yla iyi sonu\u00e7lar elde edilemedi\u011finden ve stabilitede olu\u015fan sorunlar nedeniyle daha \u00e7ok anatto ve \u03b2-karoten gibi do\u011fal renk maddeleri kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde tereya\u011f\u0131 ve margarin \u00fcretiminde de ayn\u0131 do\u011fal renk maddeleri tercih edilmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>F\u0131r\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k end\u00fcstrisinde pirin\u00e7 ekme\u011fi yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan karamel ve pastac\u0131l\u0131kta hamurda ve s\u00fcsleyici kremalarda kullan\u0131lan FD&amp;C Yellow No:5 ve No:6 gibi hem do\u011fal hem yapay renk maddeleri kullan\u0131labilmektedir.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>KAYNAKLAR<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><b>1. Altu\u011f T., 2009. <\/b>G\u0131da katk\u0131 maddeleri, Sidas,3. Bask\u0131,\u0130zmir,2009.<\/p>\n<p><b>2. Bearth,A., Cousin,M.E., Siegrist,M.,<\/b> <b>2014.<\/b> The consumer\u2019s perception of artificial food additives: \u0130nfluences on acceptance, risk and benefit perceptions, Food Quality and Preference 38 (2014)14-23.<\/p>\n<p><b>3.\u00c7akmak\u00e7\u0131,s.,\u00c7elik,\u0130.,2004. <\/b>G\u0131da Katk\u0131 Maddeleri. Atat\u00fcrk \u00dcniversitesi Ziraat Fak\u00fcltesi Ders Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><b>4.G\u00fcltekin,F.,2014<\/b>. Farketmeden Yediklerimiz: G\u0131da Katk\u0131 Maddeleri, Server \u0130leti\u015fim,\u0130stanbul,2014<\/p>\n<p><b>5. Saldaml\u0131,\u0130.,2007. <\/b>G\u0131da Kimyas\u0131, Hacettepe \u00dcniversitesi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131,Ankara,2007.<\/p>\n<p><b>6.Yaral\u0131,E., 2014.<\/b> G\u0131da Katk\u0131 Maddeleri. Adnan Menderes \u00dcniversitesi \u00c7ine MYO,2014.<\/p>\n<p><b>7.Yurttag\u00fcl,M., Ayaz,A.,2008.<\/b>Katk\u0131 Maddeleri: Yanl\u0131\u015flar ve Do\u011frular, Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara, 2008.<\/p>\n<p>G\u00d6RSELLER<\/p>\n<p>1.M.,Yurttag\u00fcl, A.,Ayaz, Katk\u0131 Maddeleri: Yanl\u0131\u015flar ve Do\u011frular,2008. Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2008,Ankara.<\/p>\n<p>2.M.,Yurttag\u00fcl, A.,Ayaz, Katk\u0131 Maddeleri: Yanl\u0131\u015flar ve Do\u011frular,2008. Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2008,Ankara.<\/p>\n<p>3. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.drbulentaldemir.com\/gida-katki-maddesi-alerjileri\/\">http:\/\/www.drbulentaldemir.com\/gida-katki-maddesi-alerjileri\/<\/a><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00d6nceki say\u0131m\u0131zda G\u0131da Katk\u0131 Maddeleriyle ilgili genel bilgi vermi\u015f, izin a\u015famalar\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131na de\u011finmi\u015ftik. Bundan sonraki say\u0131larda tablo 1\u2019deki gibi s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lan bu gruplar hakk\u0131nda detayl\u0131 bilgiler verece\u011fiz. \u00a0 Renk maddeleri Koruyucular (antimikrobiyal maddeler) Kelatlar Em\u00fclgat\u00f6rler Tatl\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar Y\u00fczey aktif maddeler Topakla\u015fmay\u0131 \u00f6nleyiciler T\u00fcts\u00fc maddeleri Olgunla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar Berrakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ve durultucular Plastifiyenler ve yumu\u015fat\u0131c\u0131lar Polihidrik alkoller Enzimler Vitaminler, mineraller, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":6011,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[57],"tags":[221],"class_list":["post-6010","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-saglik","tag-21-sayi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/apelasyon.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6010","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/apelasyon.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/apelasyon.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apelasyon.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/27"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apelasyon.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6010"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/apelasyon.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6010\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7403,"href":"https:\/\/apelasyon.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6010\/revisions\/7403"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apelasyon.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6011"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/apelasyon.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6010"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apelasyon.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6010"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apelasyon.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6010"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}