{"id":6611,"date":"2026-04-11T14:23:48","date_gmt":"2026-04-11T14:23:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/apelasyon.com\/doga-ve-cevre\/zeytin-hasadi\/"},"modified":"2026-04-14T11:09:16","modified_gmt":"2026-04-14T11:09:16","slug":"zeytin-hasadi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/apelasyon.com\/it\/tarim\/zeytin-hasadi\/","title":{"rendered":"Frutticoltura"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

\t<\/title><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center\"><b>Giri\u015f<\/b><\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ve d\u00fcnyada zeytin yeti\u015ftiricili\u011finde insan i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn en fazla kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 hasat i\u015flemi, \u00fcretim maliyetleri aras\u0131nda en y\u00fcksek paya sahiptir. Bu y\u0131l elde edilecek \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn miktar\u0131n\u0131 ve kalitesini etkiledi\u011fi gibi ayn\u0131 zamanda bir sonraki y\u0131l\u0131n verimini de etkiledi\u011finden, en \u00f6nemli yeti\u015ftiricilik uygulamas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00fcnyada uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r s\u00fcren ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, zeytin hasad\u0131nda makine kullan\u0131m\u0131 yeterli d\u00fczeyde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmemi\u015ftir. Zeytin hasad\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan makineler \u00fcretimin ya\u011fl\u0131k veya sofral\u0131k olu\u015funa, arazi yap\u0131s\u0131na ve bah\u00e7elerin yap\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fiklikler g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n<h2>1. Hasat Zaman\u0131<\/h2>\n<p>\t<title><\/title><\/p>\n<p>Zeytin meyvesinde b\u00fcy\u00fcme, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta daha yava\u015f olan birinci evre, orta geli\u015fim ikinci evre ve meyve geli\u015fiminin sonu olan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc evre \u015feklinde \u00e7ift sigmoid bir yap\u0131 g\u00f6sterir (Lavee, 1986, 1996). Meyvenin boyutu, h\u00fccre b\u00f6l\u00fcnmelerinin say\u0131s\u0131 ve sonras\u0131ndaki h\u00fccre b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi sayesinde belirlenir. \u00c7ekirdek sertle\u015fmesi, meyve geli\u015fiminin daha yava\u015f oldu\u011fu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc evresinde meydana gelir (Lavee, 1996).<\/p>\n<p>Ya\u011f birikimi, \u00e7ekirdek sertle\u015fmesinden hemen sonra ba\u015flar ve meyve renk de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman son bulur (Ravetti, 2008).<\/p>\n<p>Bir \u00e7ok ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131ya g\u00f6re hasat zaman\u0131n\u0131n, bir sonraki y\u0131l\u0131n verimi \u00fczerinde \u00f6nemli bir etkisi vard\u0131r. Meyve, m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan en y\u00fcksek veya en uygun seviyede ya\u011f olu\u015fumu sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda toplanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Hasat; en y\u00fcksek oranda ya\u011f olu\u015fumundan \u00e7ok daha ileri bir d\u00f6neme ertelendi\u011finde, gelecek sezon i\u00e7in \u00e7i\u00e7ek farkl\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 engellenir (Lavee,1996&Ravetti, 2008).<\/p>\n<p>En uygun hasat zaman\u0131, zeytinin de\u011ferlendirme amac\u0131na g\u00f6re farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6sterir.\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3>Hasat Y\u00f6ntemleri<\/h3>\n<p>\t<title><\/title><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif'><b>2.1 Geleneksel Hasat Y\u00f6ntemleri<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif'><b>2.1.1. Yerden Toplama<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif'>Bu y\u00f6ntemde; fizyolojik olarak olgunla\u015fan ve a\u011fa\u00e7 dibine d\u00f6k\u00fclen zeytinler yerden elle toplan\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6ntemle toplanan zeytinlerin sofral\u0131k de\u011ferleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr, daha ziyade ya\u011fa i\u015flenirler (\u00d6zalta\u015f, 2009).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif'><b>2.1.2. A\u011fa\u00e7tan Elle Toplama<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif'>Elle hasatta, do\u011frudan a\u011fa\u00e7 \u00fczerinden kopar\u0131lan meyve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 do\u011fru bir s\u0131y\u0131rma hareketi ile sepet torba veya bir kutunun i\u00e7erisine toplan\u0131r (Ferguson, 2006).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif'><b>2.1.3. S\u0131r\u0131kla Hasat<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif'>Bu y\u00f6ntemde, olgunla\u015fan ya\u011fl\u0131k zeytinler s\u0131r\u0131klar vas\u0131tas\u0131yla\u00a0 \u00e7\u0131rp\u0131larak d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr ve toplan\u0131r. \u00c7evremizde g\u00f6r\u00fclen en yayg\u0131n hasat y\u00f6ntemidir. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif'>Geleneksel hasat y\u00f6ntemlerinde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan sorunlar \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralanabilir.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif'>Meyvedeki zararlanma; S\u0131r\u0131kla hasat s\u0131ras\u0131nda vurma, \u00e7arpma ve darbelerden dolay\u0131 meyvede olu\u015fan yaralanmalar, kay\u0131plar.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif'>Vejetatif organlardaki zararlanma; Yine \u00f6zellikle s\u0131r\u0131klama ile hasatta dal, filiz ve g\u00f6zlerde meydana gelen hasarlar nedeniyle bir sonraki y\u0131l\u0131n verimi olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkilenmektedir. Periyodizite daha sert bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca \u00e7e\u015fitli hastal\u0131klar bir a\u011fa\u00e7tan di\u011ferine bula\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif'>\u0130\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc teminindeki zorluklar ve maliyet; K\u0131sa bir zaman dilimine s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken yo\u011fun i\u015f\u00e7ilik faaliyetlerinin hem maliyeti y\u00fcksek olmakta hem de i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc temini zorla\u015fmaktad\u0131r (\u00d6zalta\u015f, 2009).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif'><b>2.2 Makineli Hasat Y\u00f6ntemleri<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif'>Zeytin hasat makineleri genel anlamda elde ta\u015f\u0131nan makineler ve daha b\u00fcy\u00fck trakt\u00f6re monte edilen yada kendi y\u00fcr\u00fcr makineler olarak ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Teknik olarak elde ta\u015f\u0131nan hasat makineleri hasada yard\u0131mc\u0131 aletlerdir ve hasada katk\u0131lar\u0131 daha azd\u0131r, \u00f6zellikle yama\u00e7 bah\u00e7elerde makinenin etkinli\u011fi ve h\u0131z\u0131 kullan\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan belirlendi\u011fi i\u00e7in ciddi anlamda mekanik hasat olarak de\u011ferlendirilemezler ve toplama mekanizmalar\u0131 yoktur (Ferguson, 2006)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif'><b>2.2.1 K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Makineler<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif'>Bunlar elde veya s\u0131rtta ta\u015f\u0131nabilen, elektrikle, benzinle yada hava kompres\u00f6r\u00fc ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck makinelerdir. Bu aletlerin etkinlikleri zay\u0131f olmakla beraber, b\u00fcy\u00fck makinelerin ula\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131 geleneksel zeytin b\u00f6lgeleri i\u00e7in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif'>Genel olarak \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcmde incelenebilirler:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif'>Dal sars\u0131c\u0131lar<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif'>\u00c7\u0131rp\u0131c\u0131lar<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif'>S\u0131y\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 taraklar<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif'><b>2.2.2 B\u00fcy\u00fck Makineler<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif'>Genel olarak iki b\u00f6l\u00fcmde incelenebilirler:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif'>Trakt\u00f6re tak\u0131labilir veya kendi y\u00fcr\u00fcr tipte, g\u00f6vde ve ana dal sars\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif'>Tam te\u00e7hizatl\u0131 sars\u0131c\u0131lar (\u00d6zalta\u015f, 2009)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Sonu\u00e7<\/h4>\n<p>\t<title><\/title><\/p>\n<p><b>Makineli zeytin hasad\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesinin ba\u015fl\u0131ca nedenleri; yakla\u015f\u0131k 3-4 ay s\u00fcren uzun bir hasat d\u00f6nemi, bu d\u00f6nemdeki olumsuz hava ko\u015fullar\u0131ndan kaynaklanan i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc kay\u0131plar\u0131 ve el ile hasad\u0131n y\u00fcksek maliyetidir.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>T\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada zeytin yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi yap\u0131lan \u00fclkelerde, zeytin \u00fcretim masraflar\u0131 i\u00e7erisindeki hasad\u0131n pay\u0131 ortalama %50 dolay\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu nedenle b\u00f6lgelerin arazi durumuna, zeytin \u00e7e\u015fitlerine, sofral\u0131k veya ya\u011fl\u0131k \u00fcretim amac\u0131na g\u00f6re zeytin hasat makinelerinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Zeytin hasat makinelerinin geli\u015ftirilmesi ve \u00fcretilmesi i\u00e7in bu konuda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yap\u0131lacak olan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar desteklenmelidir (\u00d6zalta\u015f; 2010).<\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><b><i>KAYNAKLAR \u00a0 \u00a0 :<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u2022 Lavee, S., 1986. CRC Handbook of Fruit Set and Development. Boca Raton, Florida.Pg. 261-276.<\/li>\n<li>\u2022 Lavee, S., 1996. Biology and physiology of the olive. p. 59 – 110 & 180 – 182. In:IOOC (ed.). World Olive Encyclopaedia. Plaza & Jan\u00e9s Editorial, Barcelona.<\/li>\n<li>\u2022 Ravetti, L., 2008. Guide to efficient olive harvesting. Barton, A.C.T. : Rural Industries<\/li>\n<li>\u2022 \u00d6zalta\u015f, M., 2009. Zeytin Hasat Teknikleri, Zeytin, Varol, N., Erten, L., Turanl\u0131, T., (ed.) Tar\u0131m ve K\u00f6yi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Yay\u0131n Dairesi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, yay\u0131n no: 52, 235-248s.<\/li>\n<li>\u2022 Ferguson, L., 2006. Trends in Olive Harvesting, Grasas y Aceites, 57 (1)<\/li>\n<li>\u2022 \u00d6zalta\u015f, M., Dursun, \u00d6., Kaptan S. Zeytin Ve Zeytinya\u011f\u0131 Sekt\u00f6r\u00fc Ortak Ak\u0131l ve G\u00fc\u00e7birli\u011fi Toplant\u0131lar\u0131 Sonu\u00e7 Bildirgesi, Temmuz 2010.<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Giri\u015f T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ve d\u00fcnyada zeytin yeti\u015ftiricili\u011finde insan i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn en fazla kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 hasat i\u015flemi, \u00fcretim maliyetleri aras\u0131nda en y\u00fcksek paya sahiptir. Bu y\u0131l elde edilecek \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn miktar\u0131n\u0131 ve kalitesini etkiledi\u011fi gibi ayn\u0131 zamanda bir sonraki y\u0131l\u0131n verimini de etkiledi\u011finden, en \u00f6nemli yeti\u015ftiricilik uygulamas\u0131d\u0131r. D\u00fcnyada uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r s\u00fcren ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, zeytin hasad\u0131nda makine kullan\u0131m\u0131 yeterli d\u00fczeyde […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":6612,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[53],"tags":[198],"class_list":["post-6611","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tarim","tag-1-sayi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/apelasyon.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6611","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/apelasyon.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/apelasyon.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apelasyon.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apelasyon.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6611"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/apelasyon.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6611\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6810,"href":"https:\/\/apelasyon.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6611\/revisions\/6810"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apelasyon.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6612"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/apelasyon.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6611"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apelasyon.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6611"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apelasyon.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6611"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}